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Objective To explore the effect of ultrashort wave on macrophage polarization and inflammation response after spinal cord injury in rats. Methods A total of 96 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group and ultrashort wave group, with 32 rats in each group. The spinal cord injury model was established by modified Allen's method in the model group and the ultrashort wave group. The ultrashort wave group received ultrashort wave since the first day after modeling. BBB score was applied to evaluate the locomotion recovery. HE staining was used to as-sess the injury area, while immunochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blotting were applied to measure the mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase-1 (Arg-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Results Compared with the model group, the BBB score increased (P<0.05), the expression of iNOS and TNF-α de-creased, and the expression of Arg-1 increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Ultrashort wave therapy may promote macrophage polarization from M1 to M2, inhibit inflammatory re-sponse and promote recovery after spinal cord injury in rats.
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Objective To study the effect of Astragali Lilium Granules on the survival time,CAT,ATP,and pathological changes in mice exposed to sodium nitrite (NaNO2)poisoning.Methods We randomly divided 60 male mice of SPF grade KM into blank group,positive control group,model group and Astragali Lilium Granules low-,medium-and high-dose groups.After 3 days of normal feeding,blank group and model group received intragastric gavage of normal saline,and positive control group was given Rhodiola rosea capsule solution.Astragali Lilium Granules groups received intragastric gavage according to the concentration (1.75,3.5 and 7 mg/kg per day) for 30 days. One hour after the last administration, all groups except the blank control group received intraperitoneal injection of NaNO2(200 mg/kg,injection amount of 0.1 mL/g).We recorded the mice's survival time,observed the pathological changes of brain,lung and heart tissues by HE staining under the microscope.The activity of CAT and the level of ATP in brain tissue were determined by colorimetric analysis.Results Compared with the blank group,the survival time in model group [(9.64±1.60)min,P＜0.05]was significantly lower;in model group,the lung tissue showed extensive pulmonary edema,red cell exudation,emphysema,and local atrophy of the lung;the interstitium of the myocardium was dilated and congested,and the local cells in the epicardium became edematous and denatured;brain cells showed necrosis,cytoplasm condensation,pyknosis,and perinuclear vacuoles.The tissues were loose and the spaces between the vessels and nerve cells widened;the activity of CAT decreased and the content of ATP decreased in lung,heart and brain tissues (P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the survival time was significantly prolonged in Astragali Lilium Granules low-[(12.78±2.20)min]and medium-dose [(13.22±2.10)min]groups (P＜0.05).Compared with model group,the three dose groups had lessened lung tissue edema and emphysema,cardiac interstitial vascular dilatation and congestion,necrosis and nuclear pyknosis of brain nerve cells;the activity of CAT increased and the content of ATP increased in lung,heart and brain tissues (both P＜0.05).Conclusion Astragali Lilium Granules can improve the toxicity of NaNO2in mice and thus effectively protect against NaNO2-induced anoxic injury.
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Objective:To explore therapeutic effect of Xinmailong combined trimetazidine on patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods:A total of 155 CHF inpatients hospitalized in our department from Oct 2013 to Apr 2016 were selected.According to therapeutic method,patients were divided into routine treatment group (n＝50),Xinmailong group (n＝52,received Xinmailong injection based on routine treatment group ) and combined treatment group (n＝53,received trimetazidine based on Xinmailong group ),all groups were treated for eight weeks.Stroke volume (SV),cardiac output (CO),cardiac index (CI),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),transmitral early diastolic peak flow velocity/late diastolic peak flow velocity (E/A),6min walking distance (6MWD) and total ef-fective rate were measured and compared among three groups before and after treatment.Results:Total effective rate of combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of routine treatment group (88.7% vs.66.0%,P＝0.006),but there were no significant difference between combined treatment group and Xinmailong group (P＝0.171).Compared with before treatment,after eight-week treatment,there were significant rise in SV,CO,CI,LVEF,E/A and 6MWD in three groups,P＝0.001 all.Compared with routine treatment group after eight-week treatment,there were significant rise in SV,CI,LVEF and 6MWD in Xinmailong group,P＜0.01 all;compared with routine treatment group and Xinmailong group,there were significant rise in SV [ (48.6 ± 8.9) ml vs.(53.6 ± 8.5) ml vs.(60.2 ± 8.4) ml],CO [ (4.4 ± 0.5) L/min vs.(4.5 ± 0.6) L/min vs.(5.7 ± 0.6) L/min],CI [ (3.1 ± 0.9) L·min-1·m-2vs.(3.7 ± 0.3) L·min-1·m-2vs.(4.3 ± 0.4) L·min-1·m-2],LVEF [ (42.3 ± 8.4)% vs.(46.6 ± 7.9)% vs.(53.2 ± 7.3)%],E/A [ (1.0 ± 0.3) vs.(1.1 ± 0.3) vs.(1.4 ± 0.2)] and 6MWD [ (342.88 ± 52.44) m vs.(420.90 ± 36.86) m vs.(443.55 ± 25.30) m] in combined treatment group,P＝0.001 all.Conclusion:Xinmailong combined trimetazidine can improve cardiac function,hemodynamics,ventricular re-modeling and therapeutic effect in patients with chronic heart failure.
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Neural oscillations cross-frequency coupling (CFC) refers to the effect of the cross modulation between the electrophysiological oscillation rhythm in different ensembles of neurons. The CFC can reflect the mechanism of information transfer and exchange of local field potentials, electroencephalograph (EEG) and other neural electrophysiological activities at different spatial and temporal scales and plays an important role in the study of cognitive function. This paper introduces the basic phenomenon and classifications of neural oscillation CFC briefly, and reviews the typical applications in the study of the animal cognition model and human cognitive function in recent years, respectively. The main problems are also summarized and the future research is prospected in order to provide new ideas to promote the study and application of the CFC.
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Objective To explore the protective effect and possible mechanism of Astragalus immortal prescription (AIP) from hepatic oxidative stress in mice irradiated by X ray.Methods Six to eight weeks old Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group,irradiation alone group,positive control group,and low,medium and high dose groups of AIP (10 rats in each group),physiological saline,thymus peptide and different concentration decocta of AIP were given respectively.After continuous gavage for 10 days,the whole body was irradiated with X ray at the dose of 8 Gy at a time,and then continued lavaging for 3 days,with weighing the mice and observing the diet,water intake and general condition.After killing the mice,the liver was take and the liver index was calculated;the morphological changes of the liver tissues were observed and the expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondiadehyde (MDA),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the liver tissues were detected.Results Compared with the normal control group,the weight of mice in model group decreased obviously (P＜0.01);pathological section showed that the liver cells were disordered,the central vein was congested and blocked seriously,the surrounding liver cells were denatured and necrotic;the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in liver tissues decreased,and the content of MDA increased (P＜0.05),the expression of Nrf2 protein increased significantly (P＜0.01).Compared with the radiation alone group,the weight of mice in positive control group and high dose AIP group increased significantly (P＜0.01);pathological section showed that the liver tissue structure was basically normal,the liver cells were radially arranged with the central vein as the center;the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in liver tissues increased,and the content of MDA decreased (P＜0.05),the expression of Nrf2 protein decreased significantly (P＜0.01).Conclusion AIP has protective effect from hepatic oxidative stress in mice irradiated by X ray,and the mechanism may be related to its antioxidant effects.
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High-density lipoprotein ( HDL) is negatively related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis .Recent studies have shown that HDL activates a variety of target cells , such as vascular endothelial cells and macrophages , and activates the related cell signaling pathway to exert an anti-atherosclerosis role .HDL is a complex substance which composes of multiple particles .The changes of many factors affect the characteristics and functions of HDL, and then affect the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS) .This paper summarizes the recent correla-tion studies, and expounds the related factors that affect the HDL-eNOS signaling pathway .
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AIM:To evaluate the regulatory effect of microRNA-132 ( miR - 132 ) in human umbilical vein endothelial cell ( HUVEC) . ●METHODS: ln vitro cultured human umbilical vein endothelia cells in hypoxic environment for 6h, then maintained under normal oxygen condition for 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h. miR-132 and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α ( PGC-1α) expression was detected by quantitative Real - time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells transfected miR-132 mimic and miR-132 inhibitor( anti-miR-132 ) were measured by quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. ●RESULTS: miR - 132 and PGC - 1α expression was significantly ( P ●CONCLUSION:miR-132 level is highly expressed in the HUVEC under hypoxia and may be an effect of regulation for PGC-1α.
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AlM:To investigate the prevalence of pterygium of the household population aged 40 and above in Hengli Town of Dongguan. METHODS: Using the method of cluster random sampling, select 3 628 people aged 40 and above in four villages and one community for visual examination, intraocular pressure check, slit lamp examination and questionnaire. RESULTS: The actual number of subjects was 3 393 people, and examination rate was 93. 52%. We detected 843 patients with pterygium. The prevalence of pterygium was 24. 85%. CONCLUSlON:There is high prevalence of pterygium in Dongguan area. The prevalence of pterygium is related with age and working environment, but has no relation with gender.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the efficacy and safety of total glucosides of paeony capsule (TGPC) in patients with mild and moderate alopecia areata.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 86 outpatients were randomly allocated into two groups of TGPC (treatment, 44 cases) and compound glycyrrhizin tablet (control, 42 cases). The treatment group was given oral TGPC, three times daily and 600 mg per time; the control group was given oral compound glycyrrhizin tablets, three times daily and 50 mg per time. In addition, both groups were given 10 mg of vitamin B(2) and tapped the bold patches with massage. The treatment course was three months for both groups. Peripheral blood T-cell subsets (CD3(+)CD4(+), CD3(+)CD8(+), Th, Ts, Th/Ts) of 10 patients randomly selected from each group respectively were tested before and after three months of treatment. The effectiveness and adverse reaction of all cases were observed each month. The safety was evaluated according to the incidence rate of adverse reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the treatment group, the cured and markedly effective rate was 36.36% (16/44), 50.00% (22/44) and 68.18% (30/44) at the end of first, second and third month of treatment, respectively, and the incidence rate of adverse reaction was 13.64% (6/44). In the control group, the cured and markedly effective rate was 38.10% (16/42), 57.14% (24/42) and 71.43% (30/42), respectively, and the incidence rate of adverse reaction was 16.67% (7/42). The cured and markedly effective rate and the incidence rate of adverse reaction were similar in both groups (P>0.05). TGPC and compound glycyrrhizin tablet can inhibit CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+), and decrease the ratio of Th/Ts (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TGPC is effective and safe in the treatment of alopecia areata.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Alopecia Areata , Drug Therapy , Allergy and Immunology , Capsules , Glucosides , Therapeutic Uses , Glycyrrhizic Acid , Therapeutic Uses , Lymphocyte Subsets , Allergy and Immunology , Paeonia , Chemistry , T-Lymphocytes , Allergy and Immunology , Tablets , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relevant factors of liver histological changes in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with mildly elevated ALT and to explore the clinical values of these factors on anti-viral treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 152 CHB patients with mildly elevated ALT (less than 2 x ULN) who underwent liver biopsy were included in the study. Correlations between routine laboratory markers, liver histological inflammation grade and fibrosis stage were statistically assessed by Spearman correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA, area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and Logistic regression statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients in the study showed various hepatic histological damages. Among the 152 patients 50 (32.9%) were found with inflammation grade 1 (G1), 42 (27.6%) with G2, 46 (30.3%) with G3 and 14 (9.2%) with G4. 16 patients (10.5%) were found with fibrosis stage 2 (S2), 25 (16.5%) with S3 and 41 (27.0%) with S4. Routine laboratory markers Alb, BPC and WBC were significantly correlated with hepatic histological inflammation grade and fibrosis stage. Marked liver fibrosis and moderate to severe liver damage were significantly higher in patients aged more than 40 years as compared to those less than 40 years of age (P = 0.002, P = 0.010). The regression equation P = 1/[1+e-(9.36250-1625Alb-0.0234BPC)] was established with sensitivity and specificity of 83.3% and 65.0%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>67.8% of CHB patients with mildly elevated ALT have significant injury to the liver tissue. CHB patients aged more than 40 years have a significant increase of marked liver fibrosis and moderate to severe liver damage. The regression equation is valuable to predict whether CHB patients need antiviral therapy or not.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Alanine Transaminase , Metabolism , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Metabolism , Pathology , Liver , Pathology , Liver Cirrhosis , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze and investigate the rules for drug utilization of Chinese medicine for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris with blood-heat syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The literatures that met the following inclusion criteria were screened out from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from January 1998 to December 2008, including the compositions and dosages of the recipes reported completely and accurately, the sample size being [Symbol: see text] 30 cases and the total effective rate being [Symbol: see text] 70%.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In total, 289 papers meeting the inclusion criteria were retrieved, involving 301 recipes; in which 111 recipes consisting of 145 individual drugs were the function for clearing the heat, accounting for 52.84%. The three drugs with the highest utilized frequency were Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermi and Cortex Moutan. Meridian adscription of the drugs was mainly the Gan-meridian.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There were rules for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris of blood-heat syndrome with Chinese medicine prescriptions.</p>
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Humans , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Hematologic Diseases , Drug Therapy , Hot Temperature , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Psoriasis , Drug Therapy , Review Literature as Topic , SyndromeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical curative effect of Chinese herbal medicine combined with acitretin capsule in treating psoriasis of blood-heat syndrome (P-BH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty patients of P-BH were randomly assigned to two groups, 39 in Group A and 41 in Group B. Both was treated with Chinese herbal medicines for clearing heat, cooling blood and removing toxic substance, and acitretin capsule was given to Group A additionally, with 8 weeks as one therapeutic course. The clinical curative effect was compared between groups, and the change of psoriasis activity severe index (PASI) scores before and after treatment was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate in Group A was 84.2% and that in Group B 68.2%, also showing significance between groups (P<0.01). PASI score lowered significantly after treatment in both groups, showing statistical significance (P<0.01), but no significant difference between groups. Little adverse reaction was found in Group B, while in Group A, the adverse reaction was of even milder degree, which could be alleviated by adjusting the herbal medicine and symptomatic treatment administration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The effect of Chinese herbal medicine combined with acitretin capsule was superior to Chinese herbal medicine alone in treating P-BH, but the adverse reaction of acitretin capsule could be alleviated by adjusting the herbs used. However, the result is waiting to be verified further by larger samples.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acitretin , Capsules , Combined Modality Therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Drug Combinations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Hematologic Diseases , Diagnosis , Drug Therapy , Hot Temperature , Keratolytic Agents , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Psoriasis , Diagnosis , Drug Therapy , Syndrome , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
MUC1 mucin is a high molecular weight, type I transmembrane glycoprotein. High and aberrant expression of MUC1 is observed in various types of tumors, which make it an ideal target for tumor biotherapy as well as a biomarker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. MUC1/Y is an isoform of MUC1 generated by alternative splicing. Specific expression of MUC1/Y in breast cancer as well as its involvement in tumor cell signal transduction have been reported. In order to purify peptides containing MUC1/Y-specific epitope in E. coli and prepare MUC1/Y-specific antibody, DNA fragment encoding the MUC1/Y-specific peptide was amplified by PCR using MUC1/Y full length cDNA as the template and cloned into fusion expression vector pGEX-2T, resulting pGEX-Y30. DNA sequencing was performed to confirm the correct amplification and orientation of the target sequence. Competent E. coli DH5alpha was transformed with pGEX-Y30 and the expression was induced for 4-5 hours in 0.2 mmol/L IPTG at 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Expressed proteins were released from the cells by ultrasonication or B-PER II reagent treatments. The fusion protein GST-Y30 were purified by affinity and anion exchange columns and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting. Polyclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing rabbits with the GST-Y30 protein for 4 times with intervals of 3 weeks and purified by GST column. Western blotting, ELISA and immunohistochemistry analysis were carried out using the purified antibody to confirm its MUC1/Y-binding capacity and specificity. The expressed fusion protein GST-Y30 is about 31 kD in size and represented about 20% of total cellular proteins. The majority of the GST-Y30 protein existed as soluble form when the induction was carried out at both 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C. After the two-step purification, the purity of GST-Y30 was about 94%. The titer of polyserum generated by GST-Y30 immunization was 1:320,000 by ELISA. The antiserum showed MUC1/Y specificity and can recognize MUC1/Y on MCF7 cell. The MUC1/Y-specific polyclonal antibody can be used for studying the role of MUC1/Y in carcinogenesis.
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Animals , Humans , Rabbits , Antibodies , Metabolism , Antibody Specificity , Cell Line, Tumor , Metabolism , Epitopes , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Escherichia coli , Genetics , Metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Models, Genetic , Mucin-1 , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Peptides , Chemistry , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of low dosage of uhrashortwave(USW) on infarction volume, B cell lymphocytoma-xl (Bcl-xl) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats and discuss its acting mechanisms. Methods Focal ischemia-reperfusion model was established in 25 rats by re- versible right middle cerebral artery occlusion with filament. The right side cerebral ischemia was lasted for 2 hours and then followed with 24 hours of reperfusion. The content of neurological deficits were evaluated by the Zea-Longa 5-degree scoring system to select rats. After surgery, the rats were divided into 3 groups: blank control group, control group and USW treatment group. The brain of all rats was taken at 24 hours after reperfusion. The cerebral infarction volume, the expression of Bcl-xl and TNF-?were measured and analyzed. Results Twenty-five rats were used in the analysis of results. When compared with the control group, the infarction volume and rate in total cerebral volume of USW group significantly decreased (t = 2.54, 2.33, P
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Objective To study the effect of cardiac troponin T(cTnT)on the prognosis of chronic heart failure in the elderly patients.Methods Serum level of cTnT,and serum activities of creatine kinase (CK)and creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB)were measured in 60 elderly patients of chronic heart failure with varied classes of cardiac function.Cardiac events,including malignant cardiac arrhythemia,repeated or aggravated heart failure or cardiac death,in patients with increased cTnT during hospitalization were compared to those without it.Results Serum level averaged(89.1?13.6)mmol/L for CK and(7.9? 1.4)mmol/L for CK-MB in 20 patients with Class Ⅱ cardiac function by New York Heart Association (NYHA)classification and without increased cTnT,(88.2?13.4)mmol/L for CK and(7.5?1.8) mmol/L for CK-MB in 19 patients with Class Ⅲ cardiac function and four of them with increased cTnT,and (93.3?14.2)mmol/L for CK and(8.1?1.6)mmol/L for CK-MB in 21 patients with Class Ⅳ cardiac function and 14 of them with increased cTnT.Malignant cardiac arrhythemia occurred in six,repeated heart failure in eight,and death in three of 18 patients with increased cTnT,and one,two and one in 22 patients without increased cTnT,respectively.Incidence of cardiac events was higher in patients with increased cTnT than those without it(P
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The surface treatment method for improving the functions of artificial joint metal materials and its properties have been sketched out in this paper. The purpose and the method of ceramic materials for coating and metal surface pre-treatment are explained and we have also discussed the bioactive ceramic coating and its function.
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Ceramics , Coated Materials, Biocompatible , Joint Prosthesis , Materials Testing , Metals , Prosthesis Design , Methods , Surface Properties , Titanium , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the feasibility and initial experience of laparoscopic pyelolithoto- my within renal sinus.Methods A total of 19 patients(14 men and 5 women)of nephrolithiasis on 21 sides underwent laparoscopic pyelolithotomy within renal sinus.Of them,9 cases with other upper urinary tract diseases were treated by laparoseopic pyelolithotomy at the same time.The patient age ranged from 16 to 67 years(mean,41 years).The calculi were 1.2 to 3.5 cm in diameter,and were found on the right side in 11 cases,left side in 6,and both sides in 2.Five cases concomitantly had ureteral calculi;of them,1 had bi- lateral ureter calculi with ipsilateral steinstrasse,2 had pyelic polyp(1 with giant hydronephrosis after open ureterolithotomy),and 1 had giant bydronephrosis with pyelolithiasis during pregnancy with double-J tube drainage.Twelve cases(13 sides)had experienced unsuccessful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,and 1 failed with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Results The procedure was successful in all the 19 cases.The operative time ranged from 75 to 240 rain(mean,115 rain).The intraoperative blood loss ranged from 30 to 100ml(mean,50 ml).One case experienced 5-d urine leakage,and was spontaneously cured.The hospital stay was 5-9 d(mean,6 d).Double-J tube drainage was 4-6 weeks.During the follow- up(3-36 months),KUB and IVU showed no upper urinary tract stricture and no residual stones except for 1 stone of 0.7 cm in the renal lower calyx in 1 case.The kidney function was improved in all cases.Con- clusions Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy is new and minimally invasive alternative approach for renal calculi. With this procedure the urinary tract complications can be treated concomitantly,thus it can partially replace open surgery.
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Objective To evaluate the application and initial experience of laparoscopy in kidneypreserving surgery for savage giant hydronephrosis. Methods This series included 6 cases of savage gianthydronephrosis (2 men and 4 women;age range,15 -57 years;mean age,28 years).Of them 5 cases weredetected when visiting doctors due to flank pain,abdominal mass,and the rest one by B-ultrasound duringpregnancy.Four cases had hydronephrosis on the left;and 2 cases,on the right.The quantity of hydronephro-sis was 2250 -8300 ml,respectively.None had development on IVU examination.Of them,3 cases had con-genital ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction;2 had multiple stones in infracalices secondary to UPJ ob-struction;1 had stones in pelvis with polyp formation.Relieving obstruction,pyeloplasty,nephroplication andnephropexy were performed via laparoscope. Results All the operations were successful.The operativetime was 2.5 -5.0 h;the blood loss was 50 -150 ml,and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 7.2 d.The postoperative follow-up ranged from 3 to 24 months. Three months after operation,B-ultrasound showedthat giant hydronephrosis was markedly relieved in 5 cases (the renal sinus separation was 1.8 m,2.0 cm,2.5 cm,2.5 cm and 2.8cm,respectively),and in the rest 1 case the kidney was slightly smaller than nor-mal.IVU examination was performed every 3 months after operation, and different degrees of developmentappeared in all cases.During the follow-up,no obvious ureteropelvic anastomotic stricture was found on retro-grade pyelography (RGP). Conclusions The protective renal treatment via laparoscopy for savage gianthydronephrosis is a feasible and minimally invasive technique that provides the same clinical and radiograph-ic results as open operation.